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Surface Composition, Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Freshly Deposited and Acid-Etched Indium-Tin Oxide Electrodes, Michael Brumbach, P. Alex Veneman, F. Saneeha Marrikar, Thomas Schulmeyer, Adam Simmonds, Wei Xia, Paul Lee, Neal R. Armstrong, Langmuir, in press.

Hydrogen-Bonded Phthalocyanine Aggregates, Britt A. Minch, Niranjani Kumaran, Wei Xia, David F. O’Brien, Neal R. Armstrong, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. submitted.

“Conducting Polymer Diffraction Gratings on Gold Surfaces Created by Micro-Contact Printing and Electropolymerization at Sub-Micron Length Scales,” F. Saneeha Marikkar, Chet Carter, Kathy Kieltyka, Joey Robertson, Cathie Williamson, Adam Simmonds, Rebecca Zangmeister, Torsten Fritz, Neal R. Armstrong, Langmuir.

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) - Semiconductor nanoparticle composite thin films tethered to indium tin oxide substrates via electropolymerization ,” R. Clayton Shallcross, Gemma D. D’Ambruoso, Bryan D. Korth, H.K. Hall Jr., Zhiping Zheng, Jeffrey Pyun, Neal R. Armstrong J. Amer. Chem. Soc., in press (August 25 asap alerts).

Surface Modification of BaTiO 3 Thin Films: Adjustment of the Effective Surface Work Function, T. Schulmeyer, S.A. Paniagua, P.A. Veneman, S. C. Jones,b P. J. Hotchkiss, A. Mudalige, J. E. Pemberton, S. R. Marder, N. R. Armstrong, Journal of Materials Chemistry, in press.

Investigation of Mixed Fluorocarbon/Hydrocarbon Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on Au by Reactive Ion Scattering Spectrometry (RISS), Xi Yang, R. Selvan, David Barriet, Amy Graham, Kenneth Nebesny, Neal Armstrong, T. Randall Lee, Vicki Wysocki, Langmuir, submitted.

Optical Spectroscopies on a Planar Fiber Optic Chip, Brooke M. Beam, R. Clayton Shallcross, Jinuk Jang, Neal R. Armstrong, and Sergio B. Mendes, Applied Spectroscopy, 61, 582-595, (2007).

Discotic Mesophase Materials: Their Use in Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Organic Photovoltaics, Neal R. Armstrong, Wei Xia, Britt Minch, Adam Simmonds, Chet Carter, Carrie L. Donley, Rebecca A.P. Zangmeister, Anthony Drager, Samir K. Cherian, Lynn LaRussa, Bernard Kippelen, Seunghyup Yoo, Benoit Domercq, David L. Mathine, David F. O’Brien, in “Electron Transfer in Nanomaterials,” G. Rumbles, T. Lian, K. Murakoshi, eds. ECS Publications – PV 2004-22, 376-384 (2006).

pH-Sensing Properties of Poly(Aniline) Ultrathin Films Self-Assembled on Indium-Tin Oxide, Chenhao Ge, Neal R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, Analytical Chemistry, 79, 1401-1410, (2007).

Small Molecule Chemisorption on Indium-Tin Oxide Surfaces: Enhancing Probe Molecule Electron Transfer Rates and the Performance of Organic Light Emitting Diodes, Chet Carter, Michael Brumbach, Carrie Donley, Richard D. Hreha, Seth R. Marder, Benoit Domercq, SeungHyup Yoo, Bernard Kippelen, Neal R. Armstrong, J. Phys. Chem. B., 2006 110 , 25191-25202.

Modification of Indium-Tin Oxide Electrodes with Thiophene Copolymer Thin Films: Optimizing Electron Transfer to Solution Probe Molecules, F. Saneeha Marrikar, Michael Brumbach, Dennis H. Evans, Ariel Lebrón-Paler, Jeanne E. Pemberton, Ronald J. Wysocki, Neal R. Armstrong, Langmuir, 23 , 1530-1542 (2007).

Dendritic Arrays of the [Re 6( m 3 -Se) 8] 2+ Core-Containing Clusters: Exploratory Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies, Bryan K. Roland, Ware H. Flora, Hugh D. Selby, Neal R. Armstrong, and Zhiping Zheng, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 128, 6620-6625 (2006).

Electrochemically Tunable Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Diffraction Gratings and Their (Bio-)sensing Applications, Shengjun Tian, Neal R. Armstrong, and Wolfgang Knoll, Langmuir, 21, 4656-4660 (2005).

Potential-Modulated, Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy of Poly(3,4 Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Methanol) (PEDTM) Copolymer Films on Indium-Tin Oxide, Walter J. Doherty III, Ronald J. Wysocki Jr., Neal R. Armstrong, and S. Scott Saavedra, J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 4900-4907 (2006).

Electrochemical Copolymerization and Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Methanol (EDTM) Copolymers on Indium-Tin Oxide, Walter Doherty, Ronald Wysocki, Neal R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, Macromolecules, 39, 4418-4424 (2006).

Tetrameric arrays of the [Re6(µ3-Se)8]2+ clusters supported by a porphyrin core: synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical studies, Bryan K. Roland,Ware H. Flora, Neal R. Armstrong, Zhiping Zheng, Comptes Rendus Chimie 8, 1798–1807 (2005).

Covalently Bound Hole-Injecting Nanostructures. Systematics of Molecular Architecture, Thickness, Saturation, and Electron-Blocking Characteristics on Organic Light-Emitting Diode Luminance, Turn-on Voltage, and Quantum Efficiency, Qinglan Huang, Guennadi A. Evmenenko, Pulak Dutta, Paul Lee, Neal R. Armstrong, and Tobin J. Marks, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 127, 10227-10242 (2005).

Molecular Ordering in Monolayers of Perylenebisimide Dyes by Visible Regime Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Spectroscopy, Walter J. Doherty III, Adam G. Simmonds, Sergio B. Mendes, Neal R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, Applied Spectroscopy, 59, 1248-1256 (2005).

Modeling of organic photovoltaic cells with large fill factor and high efficiency, S. Yoo, B. Domercq, S. R. Marder, N. R. Armstrong, and B. Kippelen, Organic Photovoltaics V , Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 5520, 110 (2004).

Electrochemically-Tunable Surface-Plasmon-Enhanced Diffraction Gratings and Their (Bio-)Sensing Applications, Shengjun Tian, Neal R. Armstrong,Wolfgang Knoll , Langmuir, submitted.

Conducting Polymer Growth in Porous Sol-Gel Thin Films: Formation of Nanoelectrode Arrays and Mediated Electron Transfer to Sequestered Macromolecules, Walter J. Doherty III, Neal R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, Chemistry of Materials, 17, 3652-3660 (2005).

High-Performance Hole Transport Layers for Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Implementation of Organosiloxane Crosslinking Chemistry in Polymeric Electroluminescent Devices,He Yan, Paul Lee, Amy Graham, Neal R. Armstrong, Guennadi A. Evmenenko, Pulak Dutta, and Tobin J. Marks, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 127, 3172-3183 (2005).

Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Electrodes Through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules, Michael Brumbach, Neal R. Armstrong, Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry. Volume 10 - Modified Electrodes, M. Fujihira, J. Rusling, eds., in press.

Octakis(2-benzyloxyethylsulfanyl) Copper (II) Phthalocyanine: A New Liquid Crystalline Discotic Material with Benzyl-Terminated, Thioether-linked-Side Chains, Britt A. Minch, Wei Xia, Carrie L. Donley, Ryan M. Hernandez, Chet Carter, Michael D. Carducci, Alice Dawson, David F. O’Brien, Neal R. Armstrong, Chemistry of Materials, 17, 1618-1627 (2005).

Dendritic Incorporation of Quinacridone: Solubility, Aggregation, Electrochemistry, and Solid State Luminescence, Adrian Ortiz, Ware H. Flora, Gemma D. D’Ambruoso, Neal R. Armstrong, and Dominic V. McGrath, Chem. Comm. 2005 , 444–446.

Determination of Molecular Anisotropy in Thin-Films of Discotic Assemblies Using Attenuated Total Reflectance UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Ware Flora, Sergio Mendes, Walter Doherty III, S. Scott Saavedra, Neal R. Armstrong, Langmuir, 21, 360-368 (2005).

LB Films of Rod-Like Phthalocyanine Aggregates: Specular X-Ray Reflectivity Studies of the Effect of Interface Modification on Coherence and Microstructure, Wei Xia, Britt Minch, Mike Carducci, N.R. Armstrong, Langmuir, 20, 7998-8005 (2004).

Effects of Field Effect Mobility and Contact Barriers on Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanine Organic Transistors, Samir Cherian, Carrie Donley, David Mathine, Wei Xia, Lynn LaRussa, Neal R. Armstrong, Journal of Applied Physics, 96, 5635-5643, (2004).

Liquid-crystal approaches to organic photovoltaics, Bernard Kippelen, Seunghyup Yoo, Joshua A. Haddock, Benoit Domercq, Stephen Barlow, Britt Minch,  Wei Xia,  Seth.R. Marder,  and Neal R. Armstrong, in "Organic Photovoltaics," S. Sariciftci and S. Sun Editors, Marcel Dekker, New York (2004), in press. 

An Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Composite Featuring Metal Chalcogenide Clusters, B.K. Roland, W.H. Flora, M.D. Carducci, N.R. Armstrong, Z. Zheng, J. Cluster Sci., 14, 449-458, (2003).

Patterned Deposition of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Mica Surfaces, S. Jones-Willy, W. Xia, S.S. Saavedra, N.R. Armstrong, in “ Biological and Bio-Inspired Materials Assembly,” T. Deming, A.E. Barron, H.-A. Klok, eds., “Architecture and Applications of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Materials,” (Volume #EXS-1), Materials Research Society Publications, (2004).

Organic photovoltaic cells containing discotic liquid crystalline phthalocyanines, S. Yoo, B. Domercq, C.L. Donley, C. Carter, W. Xia, B.A. Minch, D.F. O'Brien, N.R. Armstrong, B. Kippelen, International Symposium Organic Materials and Nanotechnology, -- SPIE volume 5215 -- Organic Photovoltaics IV, pp. 71-78 (2004).

Anisotropies in the Electrical Properties of Rod-Like Aggregates of Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanines: D.C. Conductivities and Field-Effect Mobilities, C.L. Donley, R.A.P. Zangmeister, W. Xia, B. Minch, A.S. Drager, S.K. Cherian, L. LaRussa, B. Kippelen, B. Domercq, D.L. Mathine, D.F. O’Brien, N.R. Armstrong, Journal of Materials Research, 19, 2087- 2099 (2004).

Voltammetric and Waveguide Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Ultrathin Poly(Aniline)/Poly(Acrylic Acid) Films Self-Assembled on Indium-Tin Oxide, Chenhao Ge, Sergio B. Mendes, Neal R. Armstrong, S.Scott Saavedra, Talanta, 65, 1126-1131 (2005).

Interface Modification of ITO Thin Films: Organic Photovoltaic Cells, N.R. Armstrong,C. Carter, C. Donley, A. Simmonds, P.A. Lee, M. Brumbach, B. Kippelen, B. Domercq, S. Yoo, Thin Solid Films, 445, 342-352 (2003).

Interface Dipoles Arising from Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold: UV-Photoemission Studies of Alkanethiols and Partially Fluorinated Alkanethiols, D. Alloway, M. Hofmann, D.L. Smith, N.E. Gruhn, A.L. Graham, R. Colorado, Jr., V.H. Wysocki, T. R. Lee, P.A. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 11690-11699 (2003).

Thin Films of Polymerized Rod-Like Phthalocyanine Aggregates, C.L. Donley, W. Xia, B. Minch, R.A.P. Zangmeister, A.S. Drager, K.W. Nebesny, D.F. O’Brien, N.R. Armstrong, Langmuir, 19, 6512-6522 (2003).

Interfacial Trap States in Junctions of Molecular Semiconductors, D. Schlettwein, T. Oekermann, N. Jaeger, N.R. Armstrong, D. Wöhrle, Chemical Physics, 285, 103-112 (2002) .

Broadband Coupling Into a Single-Mode, Electroactive Integrated Optical Waveguide for Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Surface-Confined Redox Couples, J.T. Bradshaw, S.B. Mendes, N.R. Armstrong, S.S. Saavedra, Analytical Chemistry, 75, 1080-1088 , (2003).

Guest Emission Processes in Doped Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Use of Phthalocyanine and Naphthalocyanine Near-IR Dopants, W.H. Flora, H.K. Hall, N.R. Armstrong, J. Phys. Chem. B., 107, 1142-1150, (2003).

Starch-iodine films respond to water vapor, P.J. Skrdla, N.R. Armstrong, S.S. Saavedra, Analytica Chimica Acta, 455, 49-52, (2002).

Progress in High Work Function TCS OLED Anode Alternatives and OLED Nanopixelation, T.J. Marks, J.G.C. Veinot, J. Cui, H. Yan, A. Wang, N.L. Edelman, J. Ni, Q. Huang, P. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, Synthetic Metals, 127, 29-35 (2002).

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Phosphorescent Molecules Used in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, E.M. Gross, N.R. Armstrong, R.M. Wightman, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, E137-E142, (2002).

A Broadband Spectroelectrochemical ATR Instrument for Molecular Adlayer Studies, W.J. Doherty, C.L. Donley, N.R. Armstrong, S.S. Saavedra, Applied Spectroscopy, 56, 920-927, (2002).

Characterization of Indium-Tin Oxide Interfaces Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Redox Processes of a Chemisorbed Probe Molecule: Effect of Surface Pretreatment Conditions, C.L. Donley, D.R. Dunphy, D. Paine, C. Carter, K.W. Nebesny, P.A. Lee, D. Alloway, N.R. Armstrong, Langmuir, 18, 450-457, (2002).

Selective Deposition of Rod-like Phthalocyanine Aggregates on Au Surfaces Patterned with a Combination of Microcontact Printing and Electropolymerization, R.A.P. Zangmeister, D.F. O’Brien, N.R. Armstrong, Advanced Functional Materials, 12, 179-186, (2002).

Transfer of rod-like aggregate phthalocyanines to hydrophobized gold and silicon surfaces: Effect of phenyl-terminated surface modifiers on thin film transfer efficiency and molecular orientation, Zangmeister, R. A. P., Smolenyak, P. E., Drager, A. S., O'Brien, D. F. & Armstrong, N. R. Langmuir 17, 7071-7078 (2001).

Indium-Tin Oxide/Organic Interfaces, C.L. Donley, D.R. Dunphy, W.J. Doherty, R.A.P. Zangmeister, A.S. Drager, D.F. O’Brien, S.S. Saavedra, N.R. Armstrong, in “Molecules as Components in Electronic Devices,” M. Lieberman, ed., ACS Symposium Series 844, 133-153 (2003).

Planar Integrated Optical Waveguide Sensor for Isopropyl Alcohol in Aqueous Media, P.J. Skrdla, S.B. Mendes, N.R. Armstrong, S.S. Saavedra, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 24, 167-173, (2002).

Interface electronic structure of organic semiconductors with controlled doping, J. Blochwitz, T. Fritz, M. Pfeiffer, K. Leo, D.M. Alloway, P.A. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, Organic Electronics, 2, 97-104, (2001).

Indium-Tin Oxide Alternatives -- High Work Function Transparent Conducting Oxides as Anodes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, J. Cui, A. Wang, N.L. Edelman, P.A. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, T.J. Marks, Advanced Materials, 13, 1476-1480, (2001).

Organic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (OMBE): Creation of Ordered Organic Thin Films and Organic/Organic’ Heterojunctions, D. Schlettwein, D. Alloway, A. Back, K.W. Nebesny, P.A. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, invited chapter in the Encyclopedia of Surface and Colloid Science, A. Hubbard, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., available online at www.dekker.com -- pp. 3842-3857, (2002).

One-Dimensional Polymers of Octasubstituted Phthalocyanines, A.S. Drager, R.A.P. Zangmeister, A. Somoygi, N.R. Armstrong, D.F. O’Brien, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 123, 3595-96, (2001).

Nanometer-Level Dielectric Self-Assembly Process for Anode Passivation, Charge Injection Balance, and Luminous Efficiency Enhancement in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, Joshua E. Malinsky, Homer Chou, Ghassan E. Jabbour, Sean E. Shaheen, Jeffrey D. Anderson, Paul Lee, Andrew G. Richter, Tobin J. Marks, Neal R. Armstrong, Bernard Kippelen, Pulak Dutta, Nasser Peyghambarian, Chemistry of Materials, 14, 3054-3065, (2002).

Electronic Energy Levels in Individual Molecules, Thin Films, and Organic Heterojunctions of Substituted Phthalocyanines, D. Schlettwein, K. Hesse, N.E. Gruhn, P.A. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, N.R. Armstrong, J. Phys. Chem. B. 105, 4791-4800, (2001).

Joint Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of The Electronic Structure of 4,4'-Bis(N-m-tolyl-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (TPD) and Substituted Derivatives, J. Cornil, N.E. Gruhn, D.A. dos Santos, M. Malagoli, P.A. Lee, S. Barlow, S.R. Marder, N.R. Armstrong, and J.L. Brédas, J. Phys. Chem. A. 105, 5206-5211, (2001).

Light Emitting Electrochemical Processes, N.R. Armstrong, R.M. Wightman, E.M. Gross, invited review; Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 52, 391-422, (2001)

Indium-Tin Oxide Thin Films For Characterization of Electrochemical Processes in Molecular Assemblies: Surface Characterization and Surface Modification, C. L. Donley, D.R. Dunphy, R.A. Peterson, K.W. Nebesny, N.R. Armstrong, invited chapter in “Conducting Polymers and Molecular Assemblies: Applications for Organic Molecular and Polymer-Based Electronic Devices,” W. Salaneck and A. Kahn, eds., Marcel Dekker, (2002), 269-292.

Oxadiazole Metal Complex for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, J. F. Wang, G. E. Jabbour, E. A. Mash, J. Anderson, Y. Zhang, P. A. Lee, N. R. Armstrong, N. Peyghambarian, B. Kippelen, Advanced Materials, 11, 1266-1269, (1999).

Single Reactor Route to Polar Superlattices. Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Large Response Molecular Electro-Optic Materials by a Protection-Deprotection Strategy, Milko E. van der Boom, Andrew G. Richter, Joshua E. Malinsky, P.A. Lee, Neal R. Armstrong, Pulak Dutta, Tobin J. Marks, Chemistry of Materials, 13, 15-17, (2001).

Ordered Thin Films of Perylenetetracarboxylicdianhydride-bisimide and bis-(N-alkyl)-Quinacridone Dyes, Andrew Back, Dana Alloway, Derck Schlettwein, Brook Schilling, J.-F. Wang, Mike Carducci, Neal R. Armstrong, Invited paper in “Morphology and Dynamics of Crystal Surfaces in Complex Molecular Systems,” J.J. DeYoreo, W. Casey, A.J. Malkin, E. Vlieg, M.D. Ward, eds. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. 620, M3.2.1-M3.2.12., (2000).

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Derivatives of Aluminum Quinolate and Quinacridones: Cross Reactions With Triarylamines Lead to Singlet Emission Through Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Pathways, E.M. Gross, J.D. Anderson, A.F. Slaterbeck, S. Thayumanavan, S. Barlow, Y. Zhang, S.R. Marder, H.K. Hall, M. Flore Nabor, J.-F. Wang, E.A. Mash, N.R. Armstrong, R.M. Wightman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 122, 4972-4979, (2000).

High Tg Hole Transport Polymers for the Fabrication of Bright and Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Devices with an Air-Stable Cathode, G.E. Jabbour, S.E. Shaheen, M.M. Morrell, J.D. Anderson, P.A. Lee, S. Thayumanavan, S. Barlow, E. Bellmann, R.H. Grubbs, B. Kippelen, S. Marder, N.R. Armstrong, N. Peyghambarian, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 36, 12-17, (2000).

Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins as Materials, invited review in the Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, N.R. Armstrong, 4, 414-417, (2000).

Preparation of Polyetherol-Appended Sulfur Porphyrazines and Investigations of Peripheral Metal Ion Binding in Polar Solvents, Lori A. Ehrlich, Peter J. Skrdla, Wade K. Jarrell, John W. Sibert, Neal R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, Anthony G. M. Barrett and Brian M. Hoffman, Inorganic Chemistry, 39, 3963-3969 (2000).

New Planar Waveguide Attenuated Total Reflectance Techniques for Organic Thin Film Spectroscopy and Chemical Sensing, D.R. Dunphy, Sergio B. Mendes, L. Li, J.J. Burke, J.E. Lee, N.R. Armstrong, S. Scott Saavedra, SPIE, 3602, 140-148, (1999).

Aluminum Composite Cathodes: A New Method for the Fabrication of Efficient and Bright Organic Light Emitting Devices, G.E. Jabbour, S.E. Shaheen, M.M. Morrell, B. Kippelen, and N. Peyghambarian, Optics and Photonics News, 10, 25, (1999).

Photoconductive properties of PVK-based photorefractive polymer composites doped with fluorinated styrene chromophores, Eric Hendrickx, Yadong Zhang, Kyle B. Ferrio, Jon A. Herlocker, Jeff Anderson, Bernard Kippelen, and Nasser Peyghambarian, Journal of Materials Chemistry, Special Issue on Photonic Materials, 9, 2251-2258, (1999).

Highly Ordered Thin Films of Octasubstituted Phthalocyanines, P. Smolenyak, R. Peterson, K. Nebesny, M. Törker, D.F. O’Brien, N.R. Armstrong, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 121, 8628-8636, (1999).

Energy and Charge Transfer in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: A Soluble Quinacridone Study, S.E. Shaheen, Y. Kawabe, J.-F. Wang, J.D. Anderson, E.A. Mash, P.A. Lee, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, J. Appl. Phys., 85, 7939-7945, (1999).

Organic Light-Emitting Diode with 20 Lumens /Watt Efficiency Using a Triphenyldiamine Side-Group Polymer as the Hole Transport Layer, S.E. Shaheen, G.E. Jabbour, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, J.D. Anderson, E. Bellman, S.R. Marder, and R.H. Grubbs, Applied Physics Letters, 74, 3212-3214, (1999).

Valence Electronic Structure of π-Conjugated Materials: Simulation of the Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectra with Semiempirical Hartree-Fock Approaches, J. Cornil, S. Vanderdnonckt, R. Lazzaroni, D.A. dos Santos, G. Thys., J.J. Geise, L.-M. Yu, P. Barta, W.R. Salaneck, N.E. Gruhn, D. Lichtenberger, P.A. Lee, J.L. Brédas, Chemistry of Materials, 11, 2436-2443, (1999).

Organic light emitting devices containing a highly soluble isoindole or polyisoindole, S. Gauvin, F. Santerre, J.-P. Dodelet, Y. Ding, A.R. Hill, A.S. Hay, J. Anderson, T.C. Gorjanc, M. D’Iorio, Thin Solid Films, 353, 218-222, (1999).

Structure of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride grown on reconstructed and unreconstructed Au(100), T. Schmitz-Hübsch, T. Fritz, R. Staub , A. Back, K. Leo, Surface Science, 437, 163, (1999).

Observation of Strong Band Bending in Perylenetetracarboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA) Thin Films Grown on SnS 2, R. Schlaf, P.G. Schroeder, M.W. Nelson, B.A. Parkinson, P.A. Lee and K.W. Nebesny, Journ. Appl. Phys., 86, 1499-1509, (1999).

Photorefractive Polymer Composites with Short Response Times, B. Kippelen,  E. Hendrickx, K. B. Ferrio, J. Herlocker, Y. Zhang, S. R. Marder, S. Mery, J. Anderson, N. Peyghambarian, J. Imaging Science and Technology, Feature Article in a memorial issue to Paul Borsenberger, 43, 405-412, (1999).

Covalently Interlinked Organic LED Transport Layers vis Spin-Coating/Siloxane  Condensation, W. Li, Q. Wang, J. Cui, H. Chou, S.E. Shaheen, G.E. Jabbour, J.D. Anderson, P.A. Lee, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, N.R. Armstrong and T. J. Marks, Advanced Materials, 11, 730, (1999).

Formation and spectroelectrochemical characterization of multilayer and submonolayer thin films of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa(2-benzyloxyethoxy) phthalocyaninato copper (CuPc(OC 2OBz) 8), P.E. Smolenyak, R.E. Peterson, D.R. Dunphy, S. Mendes, K.W. Nebesny, D.F. O’Brien, S.S. Saavedra, Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 3, 620-633, (1999).

Self-Assembly Processes for Organic LED Electrode Passivation and Charge Injection Balance, J.E. Malinsky, G.E. Jabbour, S.E. Shaheen, J.D. Anderson, A.G. Richter, T.J. Marks, B. Kippelen, P. Dutta, N. Peyghambarian, Advanced Materials, 11, 227 (1999).

Absence of Final State Screening Shifts in Photoemission Spectroscopy Frontier  Orbital Alignment Measurements of Organic Semiconductor Interfaces, R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, P.A. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, Surface Science Letters, 420, L122 (1999)

Molecular Self-Assembly Routes to Electroluminescent Multilayer Structures,  W. Li, J.E. Malinsky, H. Chou, W. Ma, L. Geng, T.J. Marks, G.E. Jabbour, S.E. Shaheen, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, P. Dutta, A.G. Richter, P.A. Lee, J.D. Anderson, Polymer Preprints, 39, 1083 (1998).

Investigation of the Electronic Structure of LiF Coated Al and Pt Electrodes by Photoemission Spectroscopy, R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, P.A. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, G. Jabbour, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, Journal of Applied Physics, 84, 6729 (1998).

Sol-gel Based, Planar Waveguide Sensor for Water Vapor, P. Skrdla, S.S. Saavedra, S.B. Mendes, N. Peyghambarian, Anal. Chem., 71, 1332 (1999).

Electrochemical models for the radical annihilation reactions in organic light-emitting  diodes, J. Anderson, P.A. Lee, E. McDonald, R.M. Wightman, H.K. Hall, T. Hopkins, A. Padias, S. Thayumanavan, S. Barlow, S. Marder, in “Organic Light Emitting Devices II,” Z. Kafafi, ed. SPIE 3476-29, 178, (1998).

Aluminum Based Cathode Structure for Enhanced Electron Injection in Electroluminescent Organic Devices,” G.E. Jabbour, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, Applied Physics Letters, 73, 1185 (1998).

Bright Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Improved Color Purity Using a LiF/Al Cathode, S.E. Shaheen, G.E. Jabbour, M.M. Morrell, Y. Kawabe, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, M.-F. Nabor, R. Schlaf, E.A. Mash, J. Appl. Phys., 84, 2324, (1998).

Determination of Frontier Orbital Alignment and Band Bending at an Organic Semiconductor Heterointerface by Combined X-ray and Ultraviolet Photoemission Measurements, R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, P.A. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 1026 (1998).

Spectroelectrochemistry of Monolayer and Sub-Monolayer Films using an Electroactive Integrated Optical Waveguide D. Dunphy, S. Mendes, and S.S. Saavedra, an Invited Chapter in “Interfacial Electrochemistry,” A. Wieckowski, ed., Marcel Dekker, Chapter 29, pp 513-526, (1999).

Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Processes of the Components of Aluminum Quinolate/Triarylamine, and Related Organic Light Emitting Diodes, J.D. Anderson, E.M. McDonald, P.A. Lee, M.L. Anderson, E.L. Ritchie, H.K. Hall, T. Hopkins, A. Padias, S. Thayumanavan, S. Barlow, S. Marder, G.E. Jabbour, S. Shaheen, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, R.M. Wightman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 120, 9646 (1998).

Electrochemical Processes of the Polyphthalocyaninatosiloxanes and Related Cofacially Aggregated Phthalocyanine Assemblies, D. Dunphy, P. Smolenyak, H. Rengel, S. Mendes, S.S. Saavedra, D.F. O'Brien, G. Wegner, Polym.. Prepr., 39, 723 (1998).

Influence of Surface Reactions and Ionization Gradients on Junction Properties of F 16ZnPc, S. Hiller, D. Schlettwein, D. Wörhle, J. Materials Chem., 8, 945, (1998).

Evidence for exciton-exciton binding in a molecular aggregate, A. Chakrabarti, A. Schmidt, V. Valencia, B. Fluegel, S. Mazumdar, N. Armstrong, N. Peyghambarian., Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, R4206, (1998).

Biexcitons in mixed-stack charge-transfer solids, conjugated polymers, and molecular aggregates, S. Mazumdar, M. Chandross, Y. Shimoi, A. Chakrabarti, N. Peyghambarian, Proceedings of ``Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers,'' SPIE, 3145, 69 (1997).

Ultrathin Films of Perylenedianhydride and Perylenebisimide Dyes on (001) Alkali Halide Surfaces, D. Schlettwein, A. Back, B. Schilling, T. Fritz, Chemistry of Materials, 10, 601, (1998).

Reduction of Indicator Leaching From Doped Sol-Gels by Attachment of Macromolecular Carriers, P. Skrdla, H. Skrdla, and S.S. Saavedra, Applied Spectroscopy, 53, 785-791, (1999).

Chemical and Biochemical Sensors Based on Sol-Gel Derived, Laminate Planar Waveguide Structures, L. Yang, M. Huskey, and S. Saavedra, Polym.. Prepr.., 76, 453 (1997).

Exciplex Electroluminescence from Organic Bilayer Devices Composed of Triphenyldiamine and Quinoxaline Derivatives, J.F. Wang, Y. Kawabe, S.E. Shaheen, M.M. Morrell, G.E. Jabbour, P.A. Lee, J. Anderson, B. Kippelen, E.A. Mash, and N. Peyghambarian, Advanced Materials, 10, 230 (1998).

The Electroactive Integrated Optical Waveguide (EA-IOW): Ultrasensitive Spectroelectrochemistry of Submonolayer Adsorbates, D. Dunphy, S.S. Saavedra, S. Mendes, Analytical Chemistry, 69, 3086, (1997).

HOMO/LUMO Alignment at PTCDA/ZnPc and PTCDA/ClInPc Heterointerfaces Determined by Combined UPS and XPS Measurements, R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, P.A. Lee, and K.W. Nebesny, J. Phys. Chem., 103, 2984 (1999).

Experimental Determination of Quantum Dipoles at Semiconductor Heterojunctions Prepared by van der Waals Epitaxy (vdWe): Linear Correction Term for the Electron Affinity Rule (EAR), R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, O. Lang, C. Pettenkofer, and W. Jaegermann, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 15, 1365 (1997).

Photoelectrochemical Effects and (Photo)Conductivity of "N-Type" Phthalocyanines, E. Karmann, J.-P. Meyer, D. Schlettwein, N.I. Jaeger, M. Anderson, and A. Schmidt, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 283, 283 (1996).

Electroactive Integrated Optic Waveguides (EA-IOWs): Spectroelectrochemistry in Ultrathin Film Materials, D. Dunphy, S. Mendes, L. Li, J. Burke, and S.S. Saavedra, in "New Trends in Electroanalytical Chemistry," J. Leddy, M. Wightman, Electrochemical Society Publications, 96-9, 174 (1996).

Dye-sensitizing Effect of TiOPc Thin Films on n-TiO 2 (001) Surface, H. Yanagi, S.-Y. Chen, P.A. Lee, , K.W. Nebesny, and A. Fujishima, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 5447 (1996).

van der Waals Epitaxy of the Layered Semiconductors SnSe 2 and SnS 2: Morphology and Growth Modes, R. Schlaf, B.A. Parkinson, C. Pettenkofer, W. Jaegermann, Surface Science, 385, 1, (1997).

Sol-Gel Based, Planar Waveguide Sensor for Gaseous Iodine, Lin Yang and Scott Saavedra, Analytical Chemistry, 68, 1834 (1996).

Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of LB films of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octa(2-benzyloxyethoxy)phthalocyaninato)copper (CuPcOC2OBz) and its Demetallated Analogue (H2PcOC2OBz),” P. Smolenyak, S.-Y. Chen, E. Osburn, L.-K. Chau, and D.F. O'Brien, Langmuir, 13, 6568, (1997).

Novel Amphiphilic Phthalocyanines: Formation of Langmuir-Blodgett and Cast Thin Films,” E. Osburn, L.-K. Chau, S.-Y. Chen, N. Collins, and D.F. O'Brien, Langmuir, 12, 4784 (1996).

Substituted Aluminum and Zinc Quinolates with Blue-Shifted Absorbance/Luminescence Bands:Synthesis and Spectroscopic, Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence Characterization,” T.A. Hopkins, M.L. Anderson, A. Schmidt, A.B. Padias, H.K. Hall, Jr., K. Meerholz,‡, S. Shaheen, B. Kippelen, N. Peyghambarian, Chemistry of Materials, 8, 344 (1996).

Supramolecular Fibers via Self-Assembly of an Octasubstituted Copper Phthalocyanine,” E.J. Osburn, A. Schmidt, L-K. Chau, S.-Y. Chen, P. Smolyenak, , N.R. Armstrong, D.F. O'Brien, Advanced Materials, 8, 926 (1996).

Epitaxial Phthalocyanine Ultrathin Films Grown by Organic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (OMBE)," A. Schmidt, L.-K. Chau, A. Back, invited chapter in "Phthalocyanines,” C. Leznoff, A.P.B. Lever, eds., VCH Publications, Volume 4, 1996, pp. 307- 341

Epitaxial Growth of the Ionic Polymer Fluoroaluminum-Phthalocyanine on the Basal Plane of Single Crystal Tin Disulfide," A. Schmidt, R. Schlaf, D. Louder, L.-K. Chau, S.-Y. Chen, T. Fritz, M. F. Lawrence, B. A. Parkinson, Chemistry of Materials, 7, 2127 (1995).

Photoelectron and Optical Spectroscopic Investigations of the Electronic Structure of Oligo(p-phenylene-vinylene)s in the Solid State,” A. Schmidt, M.L. Anderson, D. Dunphy, Th. Wehrmeister, K. Müllen, N.R. Armstrong, Advanced Materials, 7, 722 (1995).

Spectra of Third-Order Optical Susceptibilities of Epitaxial Chloro-indium-phthalocyanines,” H. Tajalli, J.P. Jiang, A. Schmidt, J.T. Murray, M. Chandross, S. Mazumdar, N. Peyghambarian, Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 1639 (1995).

Electronic States of Vapor Deposited Electron and Hole Transport Agents and Luminescent Materials for Light-Emitting Diodes,” A. Schmidt, M.L. Anderson, J. Appl. Phys. 78, 5619 (1995).

Large Molecule Epitaxy on Single Crystal Metals, Insulators and Single Crystal and MBE-Grown Layered Semiconductors,” T. Schuerlein, A. Schmidt, P.A. Lee, and K. W. Nebesny, Jap. Journ. Appl. Phys. 34, 3837 (1995).

Growth of Layered Semiconductors by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Formation and Characterization of GaSe, MoSe 2 and Phthalocyanine Ultrathin Films on Sulfur-Passivated GaP(111),” C. Hammond, A. Back, M. Lawrence, K. Nebesny, P. Lee and R. Schlaf, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 13, 1761 (1995).

MBE Growth of Thin Films of SnS 2 and SnSe 2 on Cleaved Mica and the Basal Planes of Single Crystal Layered Semiconductors: RHEED, LEED, Photoemission and STM.AFM Characterization,” R. Schlaf, D. Louder, O. Lang, C. Pettenkofer, W. Jaegermann, K.W. Nebesny, P.A. Lee and B.A. Parkinson, J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A, 13, 1768 (1995).

Ordered Ultrathin Films of Perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride and dimethyl-perylene-bis(dicarboximide) on Cu(100): Characterization of Structure and Surface Stoichiometry by LEED, TDMS and XPS,” A. Schmidt, T.J. Schuerlein, and G.E. Collins, J. Phys. Chem., 99, 11770 (1995).

Photoelectrochemical Investigations on Naphthalocyanine Derivatives in Thin Films,” H. Yanagi, Y. Kanbayashi, D. Schlettwein and D. Wöhrle, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 4760 (1994).

Periodic Multilayers of Perylene-3,4:9,10 tetracrboxylic-dianhydride and chloroindium-phthalocyanine: Limitations to Long Term Stability,” A. Schmidt, L.-K. Chau and V.S. Valencia, Chem. Mater., 7, 657 (1995).

Electronic Structure of Oligorylenes in Thin Solid Films,” A. Schmidt, C. Göltner and K. Muellen, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 11780 (1994).

Correlation of Frontier Orbital Positions and Conduction Type of Molecular Semiconductors as Derived from UPS in Combination with Electrical and Photoelectrochemical Experiments,” D. Schlettwein, J. Phys. Chem., 98, 11771 (1994).

Epitaxial Thin Films of Large Organic Molecules: Characterization of Phthalocyanine and Coronene Overlayers on the Layered Semiconductors, MoS 2 and SnS 2,” C.D. England, G.E. Collins, T.J. Schuerlein, Langmuir, 10, 2748 (1994).

Polarization-Dependent Femtosecond Dynamics of MBE-Grown Phthalocyanine Organic Thin Films,” Sandalphon, V.S. Williams, K. Meissner, and N. Peyghambarian, Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G.A. Mourou, A.H. Zewail, eds. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 55, 379 (1993), and "Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in a Fluro-Aluminum Phthalocyanine Thin Film," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 227, 39 (1992).

Formation and Characterization of Epitaxial Phthalocyanine and Perylene Monolayers and Bilayers on Cu(100): LEED and TDMS Studies,” T.J. Schuerlein, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 12(4), 1992 (1994).

Organic Molecular Beam Epitaxy," Handbook of Surface Imaging and Visualization, A. T. Hubbard, editor, CRC Press, (1995) pp. 575-580.

Fabrication and Characterization of Low Loss, Sol-Gel Planar Waveguides,” L. Yang, S.S. Saavedra, and J. Hayes, Anal. Chem., 66, 1254 (1994).

Dye Sensitization with Octa-substituted Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanines,” L.-K. Chau, E.J. Osburn, D.F. O'Brien and B.A. Parkinson, Langmuir, 10, 353 (1994).

Factors Which Control the "N-Type" or "P-Type" Photoelectrical Behavior of Molecular Semiconductor Thin Films,” D. Schlettwein, P.A. Lee, and K.W. Nebesny, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 252-253, 161 (1994).

RHEED and Optical Characterization of Ordered Multilayers of Phthalocyanine/C 60 and Pthalocyanine/Perylene-Tetracarboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA),” M.L. Anderson, G.E. Collins, V.S. Williams, C.D. England, L.-K. Chau, T.J. Schuerlein, P.A. Lee, and K.W. Nebesny, Surface Science, 307-309, 551 (1994).

Organic/Inorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (O/I-MBE): Formation and Characterization of Ordered Phthalocyanine Thin Films -- Photoelectrochemical Processes,” L.-K. Chau, S.-Y. Chen, G.E. Collins, C.D. England, V.S. Williams, M.L. Anderson, T.J. Schuerlein, P.A. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, B.A. Parkinson and C. Arbour, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 252, 67 (1994).

Organic/Inorganic-Molecular Beam Epitaxy (O/I-MBE): Ordered Monolayers of Phthalocyanines, Napthalocyanines, Perylenes and Coronene on Cu(100), SnS 2(0001), and MoS 2(0001),” C.D. England, G.E. Collins, T.J. Schuerlein, and M.L. Anderson, in "Interfacial Design and Chemical Sensing," American Chemical Society Symposium Series 561, (1994), p. 202.

Electrochemical Characterization of the Oxidation of LB-Films of Poly-phthalocyaninatosiloxane (PcPS),” A. Ferencz, N.R. Armstrong, G. Wegner, Macromolecules, 27, 1517 (1994).

Photoconductivity/Dark Conductivity Studies of Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine Thin Films on Interdigitated Microcircuit Arrays,” J.W. Pankow, C. Arbour, J.P. Dodelet, and G.E. Collins, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 97, 8485 (1993).

Thin Film Sensors: The Role of Defects and Impurity Sites in Controlling Sensor Response and Selectivity,” G.E. Collins, J.W. Pankow, C. Odeon, R. Brina, C. Arbour and J.-P. Dodelet, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11, 1383 (1993).

Organic/Inorganic-Molecular Beam Epitaxy (O/I MBE): Photoelectrochemical and Optical Properties of Epitaxially Deposited, Single Component, and Multiple Component Organic Superlattices,” L.-K. Chau, G.E. Collins, S.Y. Chen, K.W. Nebesny, V.S. Williams, P.A. Lee, C. Arbour, J. Danziger, E. Osburn, D.F. O'Brien, and B.A. Parkinson, International Symposium on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion-XI SPIE 1729, (1992).

Epitaxial Phthalocyanine Thin Films and Phthalocyanine/C 60 Multilayers," G.E. Collins, V.S. Williams, L.-K. Chau, K.W. Nebesny, C. England, P.A. Lee, T. Lowe, and Q. Fernando. Synthetic Metals, 54, 351 (1993).

Oxidation Processes in Magneto-Optic and Related Materials," Paul A. Lee, James L. Danziger, and Craig D. England, SPIE Proceedings, Optical Data Storage, 1663, 387 (1992).

Visible Absorption and Photocurrent Spectra of Epitaxially Deposited Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Interpretation of Exciton Coupling Effects," Lai-Kwan Chau, Craig D. England, and Siying Chen, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 2699 (1993).

Phthalocyanine Aggregates on Metal Dichalcogenide Surfaces: Dye Sensitization on SnS 2 Semiconductor Electrodes by Ordered and Disordered InPc-Cl Thin Films,” C. Arbour, L.-K. Chau, G.E. Collins, K.W. Nebesny, P.A. Lee, C.D. England, and B.A. Parkinson, J. Phys. Chem., 97, 2690 (1993).

Femtosecond Excited-State Dynamics in Fluoro- and Chloro-Aluminum Phthalocyanine Thin Films,” V.S. Williams, S. Mazumdar, Z.Z. Ho, and N. Peyghambarian, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 4500 (1992).

Dye Aggregates and Organic Superlattices Formed by Organic/Inorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (O/I-MBE),” K.W. Nebesny, G.E. Collins, L.-K. Chau, P.A. Lee, C. England, D. Diehl, M. Douskey, and B.A. Parkinson, "Science and Technology of Thin Films for the 21st Century," R.P.H. Chang, Ed., Thin Solid Films, 216, 90 (1992).

O/I-MBE -- Formation of Highly Ordered Phthalocyanine/Semiconductor Junctions by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Photoelectrochemical Characterization,” Ken W. Nebesny, Greg E. Collins, Paul A. Lee, Lai-Kwan Chau, Claude Arbour, and Bruce Parkinson, in Photopolymer Device Physics and Applications, SPIE, 1559, 18 (1991).

TCNQ Thin Films on Cu, Au, Pt and SnS 2: Characterization by Xray Photoelectron Spectroscopy," Tom Patterson and Joel Pankow, Langmuir, 7, 3160 (1991).

Organic/Inorganic - Molecular Beam Epitaxy (O/I-MBE): Formation of an Ordered Phthalocyanine/SnS 2 Heterojunction," K.W. Nebesny, G.E. Collins, P.A. Lee, L.-K. Chau, J. Danziger, and E. Osburn, Chemistry of Materials, 3, 829 (1991).

Ultrafast Polarization-Dependent Spectral Hole Burning in a Nearly Amorphous Fluoro-Aluminum Phthalocyanine Thin Film," V.S. Williams, J.P. Sokoloff, Z.Z. Ho, C. Arbour, and N. Peyghambarian, Chem. Phys. Lett. 193, 317 (1992).

Orientation and Structure of Monolayer --> --> Multilayer Phthalocyanine Thin Films on Layered Semiconductor (MoS 2 and SnS 2) Surfaces," G.E. Collins, K.W. Nebesny, C.D. England, L.-K. Chau, P.A. Lee, and B.A. Parkinson, J. Vac. Sci. Technol A., 10(4), 2902, (1992).

Heterojunctions Formed from Phthalocyanine and Perylene Thin Films: Photoelectrochemical Characterization,” J. Danziger, J.-P. Dodelet, P. Lee, and K.W. Nebesny, Chemistry of Materials, 3, 821 (1991).

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Processes on Thin Films of Perylene Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride (PTCDA),” J. Danziger and J.-P. Dodelet, Chemistry of Materials, 3, 812 (1991).

Challenges to Quantitation in AES and XPS: Systems of Electrochemical Interest,” K.W. Nebesny, P.A. Lee, K.F. Stork, B.L. Maschhoff, J.W. Pankow, and T.S. Patterson, J. Electrochem. Soc., 91-7, 58 (1991).

Oxide Formation on Rare Earth/Transition Metal and Bimetallic Transition Metal Thin Films: Modeling the Effect of Fourth Element Modifiers on O 2 and H 2O Surface Chemistries," Paul A. Lee, J. Magnetism & Magnetic Materials, 93, 159 (1991).

Oxide Formation on Fe and Ti Thin Films and on Fe Thin Films Modified with Ultrathin Layers of Ti," Paul A. Lee, Kurt F. Stork, Brian L. Maschhoff, and Ken W. Nebesny, Surface and Interface Analysis, 17, 48 (1991).

Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Photoconductivity Changes in Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Enhancement of Response Toward NH 3 by Photoelectrochemical Deposition with Metal Modifiers," Rossella Brina, Greg Collins, and Paul Lee, Anal. Chem., 62, 2357 (1990).

Highly Photoactive Chemically Modified Thin Films of Chloroaluminum (and Bromoaluminum) Phthalocyanines Probed by NEXAFS and UPS: Determination of the Electronic Structure and the Molecular Orientation," D. Guay, G. Tourillon, L. Gastonguay, J.P. Dodelet, K.W. Nebesny, and R. Garrett, J. Phys. Chem., 95, 251 (1991).

Surface Chemistries and Photoelectrochemistries of Thin Film Molecular Semiconductor Materials," C. Arbour, R. Brina, G. Collins, J. Danziger, J.-P.Dodelet, P. Lee, K.W. Nebesny, J. Pankow, and S. Waite, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 183, 307 (1990).

Thin Oxide Layers on Clean Iron Surfaces: Formation in Vacuum and Characterization by Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Reactions of Probe Molecules at the Oxide/Electrolyte Interface," B.L. Maschhoff, Langmuir, 7, 693 (1991).

Surface Chemical and Electrochemical Processes of Well Characterized Lithium Thin Films: Electrochemical Reactions in SO 2/CH 3CN", K.R. Zavadil, J. Electrochem. Soc., 137, 2371 (1990).

Surface Chemistries of Lithium: Detailed Characterization of the Reactions of H 2S, SO 2, and SO 2Cl 2 Using XPS, UPS and EELS", K.R. Zavadil, Surface Science, 230, 61 (1990).

Surface Chemistries of Lithium: Detailed Characterization of the Reactions O 2 and H 2O Using XPS, EELS, and Microgravimetry," K.R. Zavadil, Surface Science, 230, 47 (1990).

Oxide Formation on Rare Earth/Transition Metal Thin Films, Paul A. Lee, Kurt F. Stork, and Brian L. Maschhoff, "Materials for Magneto-optic Data Storage", Takao Suzuki, Clifford Robinson and Charles Falco, eds., Materials Research Society, Vol. 150, p. 227 (1989).

Quantitation of Auger and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies: A Straight Forward Procedure for Most Spectroscopies, Complex Sample Matrix and Instrumental Parameters Make Quantitation of Surface Electron Spectroscopies a Real Challenge, K.W. Nebesny and B.L. Maschhoff, Anal. Chem., 61, 469A (1989).

Interactions of NH 3 and O 2 with the Surfaces of GaPc-Cl Thin Films: Microcircuit Photoconductivity and Quartz-Crystal Microgravimetry Studies, S. Waite, J. Pankow, G. Collins and P. Lee, Langmuir, 5, 797 (1989).

Reactions at the Interface between Multi-component Glasses and Metallic Lithium Films, K.R. Zavadil and C.H.F. Peden, J. Materials Research, 4(4), 978, (1989).

Li-Reactivity of Silicate Glasses: Influence of Glass Composition, W.R. Cieslak, F.W. Reinhardt, B.L. Maschhoff and P.A. Lee, Materials and Processes for Lithium Batteries, K.M. Abraham and B.B. Owens, Eds., Electrochemical Society Publications, (1988).

Comparison of Supramolecular Aggregate Structure and Spectroscopic and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Tetravalent and Trivalent Metal Phthalocyanine Thin Films, T. Sims, J.E. Pemberton and P. Lee, Chemistry of Materials, 1, 26, (1989).

Voltammetry at the Thin Film Mercury Electrode (TFME): Anodic and Cathodic Stripping Voltammetries and Simple Potentiostat Construction, R.S.Pomeroy and M.B. Denton, J. Chem. Ed., 66(10), 877 (1989).

The Interaction of Lithium with Sodium and Potassium Silicate Glasses, Brian L. Maschhoff, Surface & Interface Analysis, 14, 76 (1989).

Probing of Basal Planes of MoS 2 by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, D. Sarid, T. Hensen and L.S. Bell, Appl. Phys. Lett., 52, 2552 (1988).

Characterization of Thin Film Molecular Semiconductors Using Photoelectrochemistry and Microcircuit Photoconductivity Measurements, P. Lee, J. Pankow, J. Danziger and K.W. Nebesny, Photoelectrochemistry and Electrosynthesis on Semi-Conducting Materials, D. Ginley, N. Armstrong, and A. Nozik, eds., Electrochemical Society Publications 1987, pp. 267-279.

Chemical Modification of GaPc-Cl Thin Film Photoelectrodes, A. Nanthakumar, J. Electroanalytical Chem. 248 (1988) 349.

Surface Chemistries and Electronic Properties of Molecular Semiconductor Thin Films Grown by Effusion Beams, P. Lee, J. Pankow, J. Danziger and K.W. Nebesny, "Deposition and Growth, Frontiers for Microelectronics," G. Rubeloff, ed., American Inst. of Physics, 167 (1988) 376.

Quantitative Surface Electron Spectroscopies: Application to the Study of Corrosion of Metals and Glasses, B.L. Maschhoff, K.R. Zavadil and K.W. Nebesny, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6(3) (1988) 907.

Quantitation of Surface Electron Spectroscopies: Problems in Correct Description of Intrinsic Lineshape and Extrinsic Energy Loss Processes, B.L. Maschhoff, K.W. Nebesny, K.R. Zavadil and J.W. Fordemwalt, Spectrochemica Acta, 43B (1988) 535, and Summary Abstract: Nonlinear Least-Squares Fitting Employing Fast Fourier Transform Background Generation for the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Iron Oxidation, B.L. Maschhoff, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6(3) (1988), 1044.

Spectroscopic and Photoelectrochemical Studies of Trivalent Phthalocyanine Thin Films. The Role of Gaseous Dopants (O 2 and H 2) in Determining Photoelectrochemical Response," T. Klofta, T.D. Sims, J.W. Pankow, J. Danziger and K.W. Nebesny, J. Phys. Chem., 91 (1987) 5651.

Photoelectrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Thin Films on Titanyl Phthalocyanine (TiOPc): Comparisons Vanadyl Phthalocyanine," T.J. Klofta, J. Danziger, P. Lee, J. Pankow, and K.W. Nebesny, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 5646, (1987).

Reactions of Evaporated Lithium Films on Oxide and Glass Surfaces," B.L. Maschhoff and K.R. Zavadil in, "Lithium Batteries II", A.N. Dey, ed., Electrochemical Society Publications, Princeton, NJ (1986).

Problems in Quantitation in X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): The Use of Data Reduction Techniques to Obtain Peak Areas," B.L. Maschhoff, K.R. Zavadil, K.W. Nebesny, and J.W. Fordemwalt in, "X-Rays in Materials Analysis, Novel Applications and Recent Developments," T.W. Rusch and P.M.A. Sherwood, eds., SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, 1986.

Surface Chemical Processes of Clean Lithium: Small Molecule and Solid State Corrosion Reactions Relevant to the Li/SO 2 Battery," K.R. Zavadil and B.L. Maschhoff in, "Corrosion," E. McCafferty, ed., Electrochemical Society Publications, Princeton, NJ (1986).

Characterization of Pt/TiO 2 Surfaces by Means of Photoelectron-Spectroscopy of Adsorbed Xenon (PAX)," ( P. Dolle, K. Markelt, W. Heichler, K.S. Kim, R.A. Fiato and K. Wandelt) J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A4, 1465 (1986).

Reactions of Evaporated Lithium Films with Silica Surfaces," ( B. Maschhoff and K. Zavadil) Appl. Surf. Sci., 27, 285-298 (1986).

Effect of Crystallite Size and Hydrogen and Oxygen Uptake in the Photoelectrochemistries of Thin Films of Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine," ( T. Klofta and W. Buttner) J. Electrochem. Soc., 133, 1531 (1986).

Electrochemical Oxide Formation on Titanium and Titanium Hydride (Deuteride) Thin Films Surfaces," ( M.C. Burrell) Langmuir, 2, 37 (1986).

Oxides Formed on Polycrystalline Titanium Thin Film Surfaces: Rates of Formation and Composition of Oxides Formed at Low and High O 2 Partial Pressures," ( M.C. Burrell) Langmuir, 2, 30 (1986).

Deconvolution of Auger Electron Spectra for Lineshape Analysis and Quantitation Using a Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm," ( K.W. Nebesny) J. Elect. Spec., 37, 355 (1986).

Tin Oxide, Indium Oxide and Tungsten Oxide Semiconductor Electrodes" ( A. Nanthakumar) "Semiconductor Electrodes", H. Finklea, ed., Elsevier-North Holland (1987), pp. 203-240.

Reactions of Clean Lithium Surfaces with SO 2, O 2 and H 2O; Auger Lineshape Analysis and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Analysis of the Initial Product Layers," ( K.W. Nebesny, K. Zavadil and B. Burrow), Surface Science, 162, 292 (1985).

An Ultra-High Vacuum Reaction Chamber/Transfer Mechanism Attached to an Auger Electron Spectrometer for the Study of Clean Lithium Surfaces," ( K.W. Nebesny), J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 3, 1763 (1985).

Reactions of Clean Lithium Surfaces with SO 2: Molecular Auger Lineshape Analysis and Reaction Dynamics," ( K.W. Nebesny), Langmuir, 1, 469 (1985).

Deuterium Uptake in Titanium Thin Films: The Effect of Oxide and Metal (Ti & Fe) Overlayers" ( M.C. Burrell), Surface Sci., 160, 235 (1985).

Tri- and Tetravalent Metal Phthalocyanine Thin-Film Photoelectrodes: Comparison with Other Metal and Demetallated Phthalocyanine Systems," ( T.J. Klofta, P.C. Rieke, C.A. Linkous, W.J. Buttner, A. Nanthakumar and T. Mewborn), J. Electrochem. Soc., 132, 2134 (1985).

The Au/GaPc-Cl/Ferri,Ferrocyanine/GaPc-Cl/Pt Photoelectrochemical Cell," ( W.J. Buttner and P.C. Rieke), J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 107, 3738 (1985).

Photoelectrochemical Studies of Vanadyl Phthalocyanine (VOPc) Thin Film Electrodes," ( Thomas Klofta and Clovis Linkous), J. Electroanal. Chem., 185, 73-92 (1985).

Pulsed Laser Coulostatic Studies of Phthalocyanine Photoconductor Electrodes," ( Peter C. Rieke), J. Phys. Chem., 897, 1121 (1985).

Evidence for Charge Trapping at the Gold/Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine Interface Using Photocurrent Spectroscopy with One or Two Illumination Sources," ( William J. Buttner and Peter C. Rieke), J. Phys. Chem., 897, 1116 (1985).

Quantitative Auger Electron Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering of Potassium-Implanted Silicon, Silica and Sodium Trisilicate," ( Brad J. Burrow), Appl. Surf. Sci., 20, 167 (1984).

Photoelectrochemical Response of GaPc-Cl Thin Film Electrodes Using Two Photon Sources and Two Illumination Directions," (W. Buttner and P. Rieke), J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, 226 (1984).

Photoelectrochemical Studies of Thin Films of Monomer, Dimer and Trimer Stacked-Ring Silicon Phthalocyanines," ( T. Mezza and M. Kenney), J. Electroanal. Chem., 176, 259 (1984).

Light-assisted, Aqueous Redox Reactions at Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine, Thin-Film Photoconductors: Dependence of the Photopotential on the Formal Potential of the Redox Couple and Evidence for Photoassisted Hydrogen Evolution," ( P. Rieke), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 106, 47 (1984).

Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine Thin-Film Photoelectrochemistry: Effect of Surface Coverage and Physical Distribution of Micro-crystallites on the Photoelectrochemical Response," ( P. Rieke and C. Linkous), J. Phys. Chem., 88(7), 1351 (1984).

Voltammetric, Chronoamperometric and Chronoabsorptometric Studies of the Nucleation of n-Heptyl Viologen on Chemically-Modified and Ion-Beam Treated, SnO 2 and In 2O 3 Electrodes," ( R.Cieslinski), J. Electroanal. Chem., 161, 59 (1984).

Stoichiometry and Thickness of the Initial Oxide Formed on Clean Titanium Surfaces Determined by Quantitative Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Microgravimetry," ( M. Burrell), J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 1, 1831 (1983).

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of the Bis-Bridged Complexes Me 2Si[ 5-C 5H 4Fe(CO)] 2[Ph 2P(CH 2) nPPh 2] (n=1,2,3) and [Me 2Si[ 5-C 5H 4) 2Fe 2(CO) 3]] 2[Ph 2P(CH 2) nPPh 2] Where n = 1 and 3," ( M. Wright, T. Mezza and G. Nelson), Organometallics, 2 (1983) 1711.

A Method for Sequential Subtraction of the Inelastic Background in Auger Electron Spectroscopic Data," ( M. Burrell), Appl. Surf. Sci., 17, 53 (1983).

Photoactivated Electrolysis on Nonporous Chlorogallium Phthalocyanine Thin Film Electrodes," ( C. Linkous and T. Klofta), J. Electrochem. Soc., 130, 1050 (1983).

Reactions of Lithium Surfaces with Gas-Phase and Solution Phase SO 2," ( K. Nebesny, R. Kaller, and R.K. Quinn), J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 2861 (1982).

Data Acquisition and Processing Modes for Quantitative Auger Electron Spectroscopy," ( M. Burrell and R. Kaller), Anal. Chem., 54, 2511, (1982).

Improvements in Photoelectrochemical and Electrochromic Reactions at Chemically Modified Electrodes," in "Chemically Modified Surfaces in Catalysis and Electrocatalysis," J.S. Miller, ed., Amer. Chem. Soc., #192, Washington, DC (1982), pp. 205-222.

Voltammetric Characterization of Gold, Metallized-Plastic Electrodes, Following Exposure to Ion Beams or RF-Plasmas," ( J.R. White), J. Electroanal. Chem., 131, 121 (1982).

Electrochemical Studies on Stacked-Ring Phthalocyanines," ( T. Mezza and M. Kenney), J. Electroanal. Chem., 137, 227 (1982).

Photoelectrolysis Using Linear Arrays of Chemically Modified Semitransparent Electrodes," ( V.R. Shepard), J. Electroanal. Chem., 131, 113 (1982).

Characterization of the Materials Comprising the Reactive Interface in the Li(Si)/FeS2 Primary Battery," ( B. Burrow, K. Nebesny, R.K. Quinn, and D.E. Zurawski), J. Electrochem. Soc., 128, 1919 (1981).

Improved Photoelectrochemical Efficiencies at Phthalocyanine-Modified SnO 2 Electrodes," ( V.R. Shepard, M. Kenney, and R. Nohr), J. Electroanal. Chem., 124, 311 (1981).

Differential Capacitance Studies of Silane-Modified SnO 2 Electrodes at Low Modulation Frequencies," ( V.R. Shepard), J. Phys. Chem., 85, 2965 (1981).

Electrochemical and Surface Analysis of the Reactive Interfaces in the Li(Si)/FeS 2 Primary Battery," ( R.K. Quinn and D.E. Zurawski), Proceedings of the 12th International Power Sources Symposium, Brighton, England, 1980).

Voltammetric and Electrochromic Behavior of n-Heptylviologen on Chemically Modified Metal Oxide Electrodes," ( R. Cieslinski), J. Electrochem. Soc., 127, 2605 (1980).

Voltammetric Studies of Silane Modified SnO 2 Surfaces in Selected Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Media," ( V.R. Shepard), J. Electroanal. Chem., 115, 253 (1980).

Metallized Plastic Optically Transparent Electrodes," ( R. Cieslinski), Anal. Chem., 51, 565 (1979).

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Studies of Copper and Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Tin Oxide Electrodes," ( V.R. Shepard), J. Phys. Chem., 83, 1268 (1979).

Silylation Reaction Applied to Attachment of Dye Molecules to Semiconductor Electrodes," from Silylated Surfaces, D.E. Leyden and W. Collins, eds., Midland Macromolecular Monographs, Vol. 7, 1978, pp. 159-171.

Electrochemical and Surface Analytical Characteristics of Titanium and Titanium Hydride Thin Film Electrode Oxidation," ( R.K. Quinn), J. Electrochem. Soc., 125, 1790 (1978).

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of TiO 2 and other Titanate Electrodes and Various Standard Titanium Oxide Materials: Surface Compositional Changes of the TiO 2 Electrode During Photoelectrolysis," ( C.N. Sayers), Surf. Sci., 77, 301 (1978).

Electrochemical Adsorption and Covalent Attachment of Erythrosin to Modified SnO 2 Electrodes and Measurement of the Photocurrent Sensitized to Visible Wavelength," ( D. Hawn), J. Phys. Chem., 82, 1288 (1978).

Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of Titanium Thin Film Electrodes," ( R.K. Quinn), Surface Sci., 67, 451 (1977).

X-ray Photoelectron/Auger Electron Spectroscopic Studies of Tin and Indium Metal Foils and Oxides," ( A.W.C. Lin and T. Kuwana), Anal. Chem., 49, 1228, (1977).

Auger Electron Spectroscopic Depth Profiling Techniques Applied to Ultrathin Electrochemically Deposited Metal Layers," ( M.L. Knotek, R.K. Quinn and N.E. Vanderborgh), J. Vac. Sci. Tech., 14, 705 (1977).

Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of the Reduction of Benzaldehyde and p-Cyano- and p-Phenylbenzaldehyde in Sulfolane," ( R.K. Quinn and N.E. Vanderborgh), J. Phys. Chem., 81, 657 (1977).

Electrochemical and Surface Characteristics of Tin Oxide and Indium Oxide Electrodes," ( A.W.C. Lin, M. Fujihira, and T. Kuwana), Anal. Chem., 48, 741 (1976).

Studies of the Ag-Pt Interface Formed by Ag Deposition from Sulfolane Solutions on Thin Film Electrodes," ( R.K. Quinn, M.L. Knotek, and N.E. Vanderborgh), J. Electrochem. Soc., 123, 1794 (1976).

Heterogeneous Charge Transfer Rates of the Ferrocene Oxidation in Sulfolane," ( R.K. Quinn), J. Electrochem. Soc., 123, 646 (1976).

The Electrochemistry of Nitrobenzene and Paranitrobenzaldehyde Studied by Transmission Spectroelectrochemical Methods in Sulfolane," ( N.E. Vanderborgh and R.K. Quinn), J. Phys. Chem., 80, 2740 (1976).

Electrochemistry at Thin Solid Films," ( N.E. Vanderborgh), J. Vac. Sci. Tech., 12, 160 (1976).

Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Studies of the Electrochemistry and Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds in the Solvent Sulfolane," ( N.E. Vanderborgh and R.K. Quinn), J. Electrochem. Soc., 122, 615 (1975).

Voltammetry in Sulfolane: The Electrochemical Behavior of Benzaldehyde and Substituted Benzaldehydes," ( R.K. Quinn and N.E. Vanderborgh), Anal. Chem., 46, 1759 (1974).

A Cryoscopic Study of the Association of Phenolic Compounds in Benzene," ( N.E. Vanderborgh and W.D. Spall), J. Phys. Chem., 74, 1739, (1970).